ICT and Pedagogy are the two alternative tools for teachers and learners.

Alternative tools as those that have traditionally been used as tools in the classroom:
the teacher, the board, the chalk, the textbook, the pencil, the workbook and the
eraser. In settings both with and without ICT equipment, the pedagogical stance that
propels the work can be the same. The pupils can either be treated as passive receivers
of established knowledge or they can be looked upon as active participants in creating
or constructing knowledge. This latter view represents the main perspective of sociocultural
theory. The classrooms in this research were guided and framed by the theory
of project work in which teachers viewed pupils as active learners using language as a
tool in their working processes (Berthelsen et al., 1987).